Which sign is classically used to assess meningeal irritation by producing pain with knee extension when the thigh is flexed?

Which sign is classically used to assess meningeal irritation by producing pain with knee extension when the thigh is flexed?

• A. Kernig's sign
• B. Brudzinski's sign
• C. Babinski sign
• D. Romberg sign

Answer: (A)

Kernig sign is used to detect meningeal irritation. In this test, the patient lies on their back with the hip flexed to about 90 degrees. As you slowly extend the knee, the presence of sharp hamstring or posterior thigh pain and resistance indicates a positive sign. This occurs because extending the knee while the thigh is flexed stretches the meninges and inflamed nerve roots, signaling irritation from conditions like meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage. This differentiates it from other signs: Brudzinski sign involves involuntary hip and knee flexion when the neck is flexed; Babinski sign is an upgoing big toe with plantar stimulation; Romberg sign tests balance with eyes closed and is not a meningeal test.

Kernig sign is used to detect meningeal irritation. In this test, the patient lies on their back with the hip flexed to about 90 degrees. As you slowly extend the knee, the presence of sharp hamstring or posterior thigh pain and resistance indicates a positive sign. This occurs because extending the knee while the thigh is flexed stretches the meninges and inflamed nerve roots, signaling irritation from conditions like meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage. This differentiates it from other signs: Brudzinski sign involves involuntary hip and knee flexion when the neck is flexed; Babinski sign is an upgoing big toe with plantar stimulation; Romberg sign tests balance with eyes closed and is not a meningeal test.